New Paranthropus Species Discovered from 1.4 Million-Year-Old Jawbone in South Africa

A jawbone fossil found in South Africa has been identified as belonging to a new human ancestor. Estimated to be 1.4 million years old, this discovery sheds light on the diverse family tree of early humans. The fossil belongs to a previously unknown species within the Paranthropus genus, known for its unique dental features. Unlike its stronger cousins, this new species has a smaller jaw and teeth, pointing to differences in diet.

A Breakthrough in Paleoanthropology

The fossil, named SK 15, was first found in 1949 at Swartkrans, a famous archaeological site. Initially thought to be part of the Telanthropus capensis or later classified as Homo ergaster, a recent study has overturned these ideas. Using advanced 3D imaging technology, scientists examined the fossil’s internal and external features. This allowed them to conclude that SK 15 did not fit with the Homo species. In fact, the molars are much longer and rectangular, and the jaw is thicker than expected, distinguishing it from other hominins. The research team, led by Clément Zanolli of the University of Bordeaux, identified the specimen as a new species: Paranthropus capensis.

New Insights into Hominin Diversity

This discovery reveals that at least two different species of Paranthropus lived side by side in southern Africa about 1.4 million years ago. While Paranthropus robustus had large molars suited for a specialized diet, Paranthropus capensis likely had a more varied diet, reflected in its smaller teeth and jaw. This suggests that early human relatives adapted to different environments and food sources, adding complexity to our understanding of human evolution.

What’s Next for Hominin Research?

Zanolli and his team emphasize that this finding may not be the final word. The fossil record in Africa is far from complete, and there could be more undiscovered species in the region. As excavations continue, the possibility of more insights into early human history remains open, urging further research in these rich fossil sites.